Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Tuesday, February 25, 2025
BPPV is a disorder that affects the inner ear, causing brief episodes of vertigo—a feeling that you or your surroundings are moving when they aren't. While it’s the most common cause of vertigo and can be unsettling, it is typically not serious.
What is BPPV?
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) occurs when tiny calcium carbonate crystals, called otoconia, become dislodged from their usual location in the utricle of the inner ear and migrate into the semicircular canals. These canals are responsible for detecting changes in head position and maintaining balance. When the dislodged crystals move, they disrupt the normal flow of fluid within the canals, sending incorrect signals to the brain about your body's movement, which results in the sensation of vertigo.
How Does BPPV Occur?
Within your inner ear, small crystals of calcium carbonate, known as otoconia, normally reside in the utricle. However, these crystals can sometimes become dislodged and move into the semicircular canals, which help maintain balance. When you change the position of your head, these displaced crystals shift, causing mixed signals to be sent to your brain about your body's movement. This miscommunication leads to the sensation of vertigo.
Symptoms of BPPV
The primary symptom of BPPV is a sudden onset of dizziness or vertigo, typically triggered by changes in head position, such as:
- Rolling over in bed
- Getting in or out of bed
- Tilting your head up or down
These episodes are generally brief, lasting less than a minute, but they can be disorienting and are sometimes accompanied by nausea.
Causes and Risk Factors
BPPV can be caused by several factors, including:
- Head Injury: Trauma to the head can dislodge the otoconia, leading to BPPV.
- Inner Ear Disorders: Conditions such as Meniere’s disease can contribute to the development of BPPV.
- Aging: As you age, the risk of developing BPPV increases due to natural changes in the inner ear.
Diagnosing BPPV
Diagnosing BPPV typically involves a combination of the patient’s medical history and clinical tests. One common diagnostic test is the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, where the patient is moved into specific positions to trigger vertigo and nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), which help confirm the presence of BPPV.
Treatment for BPPV
Canalith Repositioning Maneuvers
The primary treatment for BPPV involves canalith repositioning maneuvers, such as the Epley maneuver. These specific head and body movements help guide the dislodged crystals back to their proper position in the inner ear, alleviating the symptoms of vertigo.
Vestibular Rehabilitation Exercises
In some cases, additional vestibular rehabilitation exercises may be recommended. These exercises are designed to improve balance and reduce dizziness, providing long-term relief and helping patients regain stability.
Common Questions Answered
Does BPPV ever go away?
Yes, BPPV can resolve on its own, especially if left untreated. However, it’s important to address the condition early to prevent prolonged discomfort and reduce the risk of falls. Treatment can significantly reduce or eliminate vertigo episodes, improving your quality of life.
What should you avoid with BPPV?
If you have BPPV, it’s important to avoid activities that could put you at risk, such as driving or operating heavy machinery. Additionally, try to refrain from sudden head movements, sleeping on the affected side, and activities that require looking up or bending down, particularly within the first 24 hours after treatment.
Benefits of Vestibular Rehabilitation for BPPV
Effective Symptom Relief: Our targeted treatments can significantly reduce or eliminate vertigo episodes, helping you return to your daily activities with confidence.
Improved Balance: By addressing the root cause of dizziness, our rehabilitation programs help restore balance and prevent falls, improving your overall stability.
At Physio Inq Marrickville, we are committed to providing high-quality, in-clinic care for patients with BPPV. Our comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment ensures that you receive the best possible care.
If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of BPPV, we invite you to schedule an appointment and experience our exceptional services firsthand.
To learn more or book a consultation, visit our website or call us at (02) 5127 5477.
